Papua New Guinea is rich in natural resources, where exports are focused on gold, copper, oil and natural gas. However, the majority still lives below the poverty line, working informally in subsistence agriculture.
With increasing urbanization, consumers are moving away from traditional informal markets to buying from retail shops and malls. This is due to the greater convenience of accessing these shops and malls, as well as increased disposable income.
Travelling around Papua New Guinea is difficult. This is due to the geography of Papua New Guinea where the population is largely dispersed and separated by mountain valleys and river tributaries. It is also contributed by the lack of transport infrastructure in the rural areas.
For fieldwork that requires face-to-face interactions, it may be necessary to select areas with large populations concentrations such as the Highlands region. However, caution needs to be taken in ensuring whether the sample is representative of the whole population.
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